Which of the following are adaptations to land of both gymnosperms and angiosperms but are lacking in ferns and mosses?
a. spores
b. vascular system
c. pollen and seeds
d. roots, stems, and leaves
e. fruits and flowers

Answer :

Ferns and mosses do not have have pollen or seeds.
Oseni

The adaptations to land of both gymnosperms and angiosperms that are lacking in ferns and mosses are pollen and seeds.

With the evolution of pollen, land plants no longer require that the male gametophyte swims through water in order to fertilize the female gametophyte during sexual reproduction.

The evolution of seeds also ensures that dispersal does not rely on the presence of water.

With these two features lacking in both ferns and mosses, fertilization and dispersal of young ones are heavily reliant on water. Hence, they are limited to the aquatic environment.

More on the evolution of land plants can be found here: https://brainly.com/question/6177606

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