Answer :
Answer:
The nucleus of the cell is the command center that drives all the processes for the cell, including the breakdown of food particles. Food passes through the cell membrane into the cytoplasm. The cell stores the food inside a food vacuole until the cell is ready to use it. The lysosomes break down the food into smaller molecules for the cell to use. The mitochondria take in these molecules from the food and convert them into energy for the cell. Any waste is stored in a vacuole. The vacuole moves through the cytoplasm and pushes the waste out of the cell through the cell membrane.
Explanation:
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The cell nucleus contains the genetic material to synthesize enzymes. There are specialized organelles that break down macronutrients. Finally, small nutrients are used by mitochondria to synthesize ATP.
In eukaryotic cells, the genetic material (DNA) is contained within a cellular nucleus. This genetic material can be considered the source of information to synthesize proteins (i.e., enzymes), which are required to degrade macronutrients (e.g., carbohydrates, fats, proteins) into smaller subunits.
Subsequently, enzymes involved in the degradation of macronutrients are transported to specific organelles or the cytoplasm where they play catabolic reactions (i.e., they degrade macromolecules).
For example, lysosomes are organelles that contain hydrolytic enzymes involved in the breakdown of macronutrients (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids) into their subunits.
Finally, small nutrients (e.g., glucose molecules) are used as fuel by mitochondria to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by a process called cellular respiration.
ATP is considered the energy coin of the cell because the hydrolysis of the high energy bonds of ATP is used by cells to carry out different metabolic processes (e.g., growth, differentiation, replication, etc).
In conclusion, the cell nucleus contains the genetic material to synthesize enzymes. There are specialized organelles (e.g. lysosomes) that break down macronutrients. Finally, small nutrients are used by mitochondria to synthesize ATP.
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