Answered

Calculate the enthalpy change (in joules) involved in converting 5.00 grams of water at 14.0 °C to steam at 115 °C under a constant pressure of 1 atm. The specific heats of ice, liquid water, and steam are, respectively, 2.03, 4.18, 1.84 J/g-K and for water ΔHfusion = 6.01 kJ/mole and ΔHvap = 40.67 kJ/mole
a. 1.32x10^4 J
b. 2.05 x 10^5 J
c. 195x 10^3 J
d. 1.94 x 10^3 J

Answer :

Answer : The correct option is, (a) [tex]1.32\times 10^4J[/tex]

Solution :

The conversions involved in this process are :

[tex](1):H_2O(l)(14^oC)\rightarrow H_2O(l)(100^oC)\\\\(2):H_2O(l)(100^oC)\rightarrow H_2O(g)(100^oC)\\\\(3):H_2O(g)(100^oC)\rightarrow H_2O(g)(115^oC)[/tex]

Now we have to calculate the enthalpy change.

[tex]\Delta H=[m\times c_{p,l}\times (T_{final}-T_{initial})]+n\times \Delta H_{vap}+[m\times c_{p,g}\times (T_{final}-T_{initial})][/tex]

where,

[tex]\Delta H[/tex] = enthalpy change or heat required = ?

m = mass of water = 5.00 g

[tex]c_{p,l}[/tex] = specific heat of liquid water = [tex]4.18J/g^oC[/tex]

[tex]c_{p,g}[/tex] = specific heat of liquid water = [tex]1.84J/g^oC[/tex]

n = number of moles of water = [tex]\frac{\text{Mass of water}}{\text{Molar mass of water}}=\frac{5.00g}{18g/mole}=0.278mole[/tex]

[tex]\Delta H_{vap}[/tex] = enthalpy change for vaporization = 40.67 KJ/mole = 40670 J/mole

Now put all the given values in the above expression, we get

[tex]\Delta H=[5.00g\times 4.18J/g^oC\times (100-14)^oC]+0.278mole\times 40670J/mole+[5.00g\times 1.84J/g^oC\times (115-100)^oC][/tex]

[tex]\Delta H=13241.66J=1.32\times 10^4J[/tex]

Therefore, the enthalpy change is, [tex]1.32\times 10^4J[/tex]

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