Answer: the correct answer is "imperialism".
Explanation: Empire has its center and its periphery. Periphery (usually colonized by the center, capital, metropolis) depends on the metropolis (Rio de Janeiro depending on Lisbon, Boston depending on London, Dakar depending on Paris etc.). Such dependence did not exist only during the era of industrialism, but long time before. Dependence was also intellectual. For ex. intellectuals and theorists of those countries that were colonized long time ago still use European intellectual concepts/perspectives even when they are trying to conceive their own identity (South America, Africa).
