A 2.50-kg solid, uniform disk rolls without slipping across a level surface, translating at 3.75 m/s. If the disk’s radius is 0.100 m, find its (a) translational kinetic energy and (b) rotational kinetic energy.

Answer :

Answer

given,

mass of the solid = 2.50 Kg

speed of translating disk = 3.75 m/s

radius of the disk = 0.1 m

a) transnational Kinetic energy

    [tex]KE = \dfrac{1}{2}mv^2[/tex]

    [tex]KE = \dfrac{1}{2}\times 2.5 \times 3.75^2[/tex]

    [tex]KE =17.58\ J[/tex]

b)  rotational kinetic energy.

    [tex]KE = \dfrac{1}{2}I\omega^2[/tex]

     for disk

    [tex]I = \dfrac{1}{2}mr^2[/tex]       and v = rω

    [tex]KE = \dfrac{1}{2}( \dfrac{1}{2}mr^2)(\dfrac{v}{r})^2[/tex]

    [tex]KE = \dfrac{1}{4}mv^2[/tex]

    [tex]KE = \dfrac{1}{4}\times 2.5 \times 3.75^2[/tex]

    [tex]KE =8.79\ J[/tex]

nuhulawal20

a) The translational kinetic energy of the disk across the level surface is 17.58J.

b) The rotational kinetic energy of the disk is 8.79J.

Given the data in the question;

  • Mass of disk; [tex]m = 2.50kg[/tex]
  • velocity; [tex]v = 3.75m/s[/tex]
  • radius of disk; [tex]r = 0.100m[/tex]

a)

Translational kinetic energy.

Translational kinetic energy of an object is the work needed to accelerate the object from rest to a given velocity. It is expressed as:

[tex]Translational\ K_E = \frac{1}{2}mv^2[/tex]

We substitute our given values into the equation

[tex]Translational\ K_E = \frac{1}{2}*2.50kg\ *\ (3.75m/s)^2\\\\Translational\ K_E = \frac{1}{2}*2.50kg\ *\ 14.0625m^2/s^2\\\\Translational\ K_E = 17.58kg.m^2/s^2\\\\Translational\ K_E = 17.58J[/tex]

Therefore, the translational kinetic energy of the disk across the level surface is 17.58J

b)

Rotational kinetic energy

Rotational kinetic energy is the energy of rotation of a rotating rigid object or system of particles. its is expressed:

[tex]Rotational\ K_E = \frac{1}{2} Iw^2[/tex]

Where is moment of inertia around the axis of rotation and ω is the angular velocity.

Also, [tex]Moment\ of\ Inertia\ I = \frac{1}{2}mr^2[/tex]

Angular velocity ω is analogous to linear velocity v

So, [tex]v = wr \ and\ w = \frac{v}{r}[/tex]

Hence;

[tex]Rotational\ K_E = \frac{1}{2} * \frac{1}{2}mr^2* (\frac{v}{r})^2\\\\Rotational\ K_E = \frac{1}{2} * \frac{1}{2}mr^2* \frac{v^2}{r^2}\\\\Rotational\ K_E = \frac{1}{2} * \frac{1}{2}mv^2[/tex]

We substitute in our values

[tex]Rotational\ K_E = \frac{1}{2} * \frac{1}{2}*2.50kg * (3.75m/s)^2\\\\Rotational\ K_E = \frac{1}{2} * \frac{1}{2}*2.50kg * 14.0625m^2/s^2\\\\Rotational\ K_E = 8.79kg.m^2/s^2\\\\Rotational\ K_E = 8.79J[/tex]

Therefore, the rotational kinetic energy of the disk is 8.79J

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