Answer :
An example of the type of research that could result in group harms by stigmatizing members of the group is "study designed to investigate a genetic link between DNA samples found at a prehistoric central asian archaeological site and west coast american Indian tribes".
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
The possibility of injury, such as physical, psychological, social, legal, or economic, emerging as a consequence of research study involvement. Both the risk and the degree of possible damage will vary from minimal to major.
Ethics makes reference to the basic rules of behavior expected when conducting research. We have an ethical duty to protect study participants from harm. The aim of these standards of conduct is to protect research subjects, psychologists ' own integrity and psychologists.
Option a. A study designed to investigate a genetic link between DNA samples found at a prehistoric Central Asian archeological site and West Coast American Indian tribes.
Explanation:
Clinical research studies based on genetics and anthropology often lead to group harm through stigmatization. These studies can lead to bioethical violations which lead to the social stigmatization of the group which was tested because the group studied becomes socially identifiable by their race or ethnicity even though its members are not actively taking part.
Social stigmatization (isolation, segregation, marginalization in the society) and genetic discrimination and stigmatization are the two main bioethical issues arising from such research studies.
Hence, people belonging to the tested group might not be willing to participate in DNA sampling or DNA biobank or in any further studies if needed fearing social stigmatization.
Proper precautionary methods should be followed like having proper consultations and consents, disclosing results of the research in a planned manner without targeting any group, community discussions etc to avoid group harm while performing research studies.