Answer :
Answer:
Options (1), (2), (3), and (4)
Explanation:
Volcanoes are one of the distinct geological features on earth. They are mainly associated with convergent and divergent plate boundaries and the regions of hotspots.
In the convergent plate boundaries, the subducting plate melts as it reaches the layer of the asthenosphere and it eventually mixes with the melt, which then gradually rises upward due to the force exerted by the convection current. This gives rise to the formation of volcanoes in the volcanic arcs and the island arcs.
Similarly. in the divergent plate boundaries, due to the movement of plates in the opposite direction, in the region where there occurs seafloor spreading and continental rifting, gives rise to the formation of volcanoes.
Mantle plumes refers to the large columns of magma that forms due to the upward movement of magma in the mantle, gives rise to the formation of magma as a plate moves over this region.
Thus, the correct answer is options (1), (2), (3), and (4).