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Explanation: Using PCR, a DNA sequence can be amplified millions or billions of times, producing enough DNA copies to be analyzed using other techniques. For instance, the DNA may be visualized by gel electrophoresis, sent for sequencing, or digested with restriction enzymes and cloned into a plasmid.
PCR can be used to amplify short fragments of DNA, while gel electrophoresis can be used to determine how large these DNA fragments in a given sample are.
The Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a widely used methodology in molecular biology in order to amplify short fragments of DNA (about 1000 base pairs) from a given sample.
The order of nucleotides in the DNA molecule is specific to each individual, thereby the amplification of regions showing sequence polymorphisms can result very useful in order to identify individuals, populations, species, etc.
The DNA regions showing polymorphisms between nucleotide sequences are known as molecular markers.
For example, microsatellites are specific nucleotide sequences (i.e. loci) that serve as molecular markers because they exhibit differences in length among individuals.
In consequence, PCR amplification and subsequent separation in an electrophoresis gel enable the identification of individuals by comparing DNA samples.
In conclusion, PCR can be used to amplify short fragments of DNA, while gel electrophoresis can be used to determine how large these DNA fragments in a given sample are.
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