Answer :
Host range is limited by the type of host cell receptors on the cell membrane.
When a virus enters its host cells, the viral infection process starts. Viral surface proteins bind to host cell receptor proteins to accomplish this. For instance, the coronavirus that caused the pandemic has spike (S) proteins on its surface that connect to ACE2 receptors and cause infection of host target cells. Additionally, the viruses' capacity for infection and host range is determined by the binding specificity. It has been proposed that children's ACE2 receptors are not fully formed in the case of coronavirus, making them less vulnerable to viral infection.
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