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Both petroleum and coal are made up of complex carbon-based molecules, and both originated with living creatures of some kind. Both are vital sources of energy for the modern world and both were formed by geologic processes over millions of years. However, petroleum was mainly formed from the remains of ocean-dwelling microorganisms. Coal, on the other hand, originated from decayed vegetation in ancient swamps and bogs. In any case, it took millions of years for both coal and oil to be produced. This is the case because it took that much time for overlying sediments to produce the unimaginable heat and pressure that would one day allow us to harvest these energy resources. 3. What organizing principle or principles are used in this paragraph?

Answer :

the answer is comparison and contrast; cause and effect. In the beginning, the author is giving differences and similarties between petroleum and coal,
 which you can see from this sentence :
. .  .Both are vital sources of energy for the modern world and both  . . .  .
. .  .However, petroleum was mainly formed from the remains of ocean-dwelling microorganisms. . .  .
After that, the author moves the discussion into talking about the cause and effect of each.

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