Answer :
1. D | 2. C, D | 3. D | 4. A, C | 5. B, D | 6. C | 7. C | 8. A | 9. A | 10. A | 11. A | 12. C
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The oracle of Delphi was a priestess who prophesied that Athens navy would defeat Persia . The oracle was a priestess devoted to the God Apollo, and it was bound to reveal the truth. Hoever, historically speaking, it was probable a political move in order to assure that people and armies supported the battle to come.
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The Delian league was an association of city-states formed in order to defeat the Persian. The war was proven a success, so many though that the greek ciries could take advantage by this union. However, after the war was won, dissatisfaction with the league led to the Peloponnese war , mostly because Athens dominated the league and meddled in the affairs of other city-states .
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The Greeks defeat the Persian army, even though the Persian outnumber them, because they surprised the Persians by crossing the Aegean sea to attack , and lead the persian to a trap, in which they had a tactical benefit over the Persian. This lead to the ultimate win of the Greeks, thus ending the period of war with the Persian Empire.
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Sparta was one of the most important city-state in Greece, second only to Athen. In Sparta a council of aristocrats wielded most of the political power , and males served in the army from age seven until they reached 30 . The military and the war were big aspects of the Sparta culture, which was very though and incredible difficult to achieve.
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Athen is, by importance and stature, the most important of the city-state. Its most important achievement is a primitive form of direct democracy, as all citizens could vote on matters of concern to the state . Commercially speaking, sea trade was important to the economy . Athen is also remember for the importance of the art and culture that palyed a fundamental role in the society.
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Helots in Spartans society had to train as warriors. War and military stuff was of a primary importance in the Spartans society, so young people were separated from their parents at a very young age and trained as warriors. This is why Sparta is always remembered as the city of warriors, because of the importance of the military art in its society.
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In the battle of salamis, the greek league defeated Xerxes of Persia , who was the leader of the enemy coalition. The battle was held in September, 480 BC, and was won by the Grrek, so the Persian empire, led by Xerxes failed to conquer the Peloponnese. Many of the reports we have today of the battle are thanks to the contribute of the Greek historian Herodotus.
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Pericles is one of the greatest public figure in Ancient greece. He established rule by assembly and courts with juries , thus established a principle that was later on copied by most of the Western civilization. Plericles was born c. 495 BC , and died c.429 BC and his importance as a politians and strategist still resonate today.
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Darius was defeated by Athenian forces at the battle of Marathon. The battle fo marathon was not an easy victory for the Athens, and the fact that we still remmeber that battle every time we held a marathon indicated the importance and the symbolic meaning of the battle even today. The battle was fought August/September, 490 BC.
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Pericles lead the effort to rebuild Athens after the Persian wars. This is one of his greatest achievement and one of the reasons why he is still remembered today as one the greatest politician figure of all times. He was one of the leader that led Athens and all the greece to victory against the Persian, even though the empire persian was a force at the time.
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Herodotus was mostly an historian, and its great contribution to the whole world were his reports of the many battle that greeks and persians fought at the time. We know a little of his personal life, but we know that he stil held a great reliability as the only source of those battle among modern historians as well.
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Greek playwrights wrote of controversial subjects and criticism of social standards, and their art was a form to express powerful statement about society , no matter if those were express through tragedy or comedy. The meaning of the play was what people look forward to discuss in a play and thus it was of particular importance.
